Variables & Data Types

let vs var

Use let for constants and var for variables. Swift encourages the use of constants whenever possible.

let pi = 3.14159
var score = 0
score += 10

Operators & Control Flow

Switch Statements

Swift's switch is extremely powerful and doesn't require break.

switch grade {
case "A": print("Excellent")
case "B"..."C": print("Good")
default: print("Keep trying")
}

Optionals & Unwrapping

Dealing with Nil

Optionals are a type that can either hold a value or nil.

var name: String? = "Tim"
if let actualName = name {
    print(actualName)
}

Loops & Collections

Dictionaries

var heights = ["Taylor": 1.78, "Ed": 1.73]
for (name, height) in heights {
    print("\(name) is \(height)m tall")
}

Functions & Closures

func greet(person: String) -> String {
    return "Hello, \(person)!"
}

Structs, Classes & Enums

Structs vs Classes

Structs are value types (copied), Classes are reference types (shared).

Protocols & Extensions

Protocol-Oriented Programming

Protocols define a blueprint of methods or properties.

Error Handling & Generics

do {
    try fetchData()
} catch {
    print("Error: \(error)")
}

Property Wrappers & Concurrency

Modern Swift uses async and await for concurrent code.

SwiftUI Basics

Declarative UI

struct ContentView: View {
    var body: some View {
        Text("Hello SwiftUI")
    }
}

Capstone Project: iOS App

Create a full SwiftUI application that fetches data from an API and displays it in a beautiful list with detailed views.

// Project goals:
// 1. Model your data with Codable
// 2. Use URLSession for networking
// 3. Build a multi-view SwiftUI navigation
// 4. Implement State and Binding